DATA GUIDE

Keep units and periods consistent

Standardise data before comparing, calculating or charting

Five checks

  1. Confirm currency.
  2. Confirm unit scale: units, thousands, millions or billions.
  3. Confirm fiscal year end.
  4. Separate reported actuals from estimates.
  5. Record any restatement or fiscal-year change.

Example

Reported: HKD 12,450 million for FY2025.

Standardised: Currency = HKD; Unit = millions; Period = FY2025; Value = 12,450.

Use the tool

Download Units & Periods Normaliser